Excretion of Urinary Proteins as Predictors of Early Posttransplantation Complications and Late Renal Allograft Failure
نویسندگان
چکیده
.................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 10 Review of the literature ............................................................................................ 11 Part 1. Acute allograft rejection .............................................................................. 11 1. General aspects ............................................................................................ 11 1.1. Definition ............................................................................................ 11 1.2. Incidence ............................................................................................. 11 1.3. Clinical and laboratory findings .......................................................... 12 1.4. Types of acute rejection ....................................................................... 12 1.5. Histological picture ............................................................................. 13 1.6. Immunological aspects ........................................................................ 13 1.7. Prevention and treatment ..................................................................... 14 2. Non-invasive markers of acute rejection ..................................................... 15 2.1. Markers of glomerular filtration rate ................................................... 15 2.2. Urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins ........................... 16 2.3. Markers of renal injury ........................................................................ 17 2.4. Markers of immunological activation .................................................. 18 2.5. Adhesion molecules in acute allograft rejection .................................. 19 2.6. Markers of inflammation ..................................................................... 19 2.7. New tools to detect acute rejection ...................................................... 21 Part 2. Chronic allograft dysfunction ...................................................................... 22 1. General aspects ............................................................................................ 22 1.1. Definition and clinical picture ............................................................. 22 1.2. Incidence ............................................................................................. 22 1.3. Histological picture ............................................................................. 23 1.4. Immunological risk factors .................................................................. 24 1.5. Non-immunologic risk factors ............................................................. 25 1.6. The role of TGF-β ............................................................................... 26 2. Surrogate markers of chronic allograft dysfunction .................................... 27 2.1. Histological findings ........................................................................... 27 2.2. Graft function ...................................................................................... 28 2.3. Hypertension ....................................................................................... 28 2.4. Proteinuria ........................................................................................... 29
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